| Themes | Skills (cited in literature) | Practice skills | Need |
| Supremacy of the individual | A sociological imagination
“She criticizes the abstraction of European modernity from its colonial context” | Open to paradox and contradiction co-existing attitudes and hierarchies. | Cultural supervision embedded within project |
| Lack of attention to power on to power Awareness of power issues including that of researcher and research project | “a collaborative process and one that is attentive to power inequities and diversity” | Explanation of researcher’s goal ideology /baggage, confidentiality discussed | Cultural supervision embedded within project |
| Lack of attention to context Awareness of context and non-verbal cues, localised boundaries and sanctions | Attention to importance of symbols, i.e. dress, diet, gender, face, humour
| Ability to adapt the non-expert Socratic position | Cultural supervision embedded in project |
| Lack of attention to how leadership is accomplished rather than who accomplishes it | The behaviour of emerging minority leaders, for example, can be predicted by their decisions to make their social identity salient when they are in a minority or a majority from | Awareness of what works what doesn’t routinely on a day to day basis in rapidly changing situations. | Cultural supervision embedded in project |
| Attention to how awareness of those not publicly in charge | individuals do not possess authoritative power | Conflicting agendas | Cultural supervision embedded in project |