First Expansion

Second Expansion

Third Expansion

GrowthRate

InstRatio

GrowthRate

InstRatio

GrowthRate

InstRatio

β 3

4.28***

−2.99*

5.15***

−3.58*

3.97***

−5.60**

Std. Error

(0.91)

(1.10)

(1.32)

(1.78)

(1.32)

(2.38)

R2

0.03

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.03