Reverse innovation

An innovation developed in an emerging market in response to the unique needs of and characteristics of customers in the market, and subsequently launched in relatively more developed markets (Immelt, Govindarajan, & Trimble, 2009) .

Social innovation

“A novel solution to a social problem that is more effective, efficient, sustainable, or just than existing solutions and for which the value created accrues primarily to society as a whole rather than private individuals” (Phills et al., 2008) p. 39.

Sustainable innovation

“The implementation of a new product, process, or practice, or modification of an existing product, process, or practice by a firm that significantly reduces the impact of its activities on the natural environment” (Varadarajan, 2017) p. 17.

Sustainable product innovation

“The introduction of a new product or modification of an existing product by a firm whose environmental impact during the lifecycle of the product, spanning resource extraction, production, distribution, use, and post-use disposal, is significantly lower than existing products for which it is a substitute” (Varadarajan, 2017) p. 17.

Innovativeness

The capacity of a new innovation to create a paradigm shift in the science and technology and/or market structure of an industry (Garcia & Calantone, 2002) .

New to: New to the world, new to the industry, new to scientific community, new to the market (place), new to the firm, and/or new to the customer (Garcia & Calantone, 2002) .

New what: New technology, new product line, new product benefits/features, new product design, new process, new service, new competition, new customers, new customer need, new consumption patterns, new uses, new improvements/changes, new development skills, new marketing/sales/distribution skills, new managerial skills, new learning/experience/knowledge, and/or new quality/ benefits (Garcia & Calantone, 2002) .

Product innovativeness

The degree of newness of a product to the firm, its uniqueness of superiority relative to existing products (Cooper, 2001) .

The extent to which a product’s technology, benefits, and features differ from other products in the same category (Lee & O’Connor, 2003) .

Incrementally new product

A product that better satisfies an existing market need by using existing technologies or refinements of existing technologies (Urban et al., 1996) .

Radically new product

A product that shifts the market structure, represents a new technology, requires consumer learning, and induces behavior change (Urban et al., 1996) .