Year | Author | Range | Key Factors Of The Model | Methodology |
1971 | Bar-Zakay | Bar-Zakay Model | The model is focused on Search, Adaptation, Implementation, and Maintenance stages. The model underlines three points: There is a need for a comprehensive examination of the entire TT process from “search” right through to “post-implementation” activities. A process approach must be adopted in planning and implementing TT projects. It is important to have milestones and decision points so that activities can be strengthened, mistakes corrected, or even the project terminated at any point in time. | Qualitative (conceptual model) |
1976 | Behrman and Wallender | Behrman and Wallender Model | The model has proposed a seven-step process for international technology transfer that might be increasingly important to worldwide partnerships. The model underlines three points: There is a requirement for the transferee to be included right from the earliest starting point in the planning and implementation of a TT project. A technology transfer project does not finish with the beginning of production. Unless express measures are set up to guarantee the assimilation of the transferred technology, the technology transfer cannot be said to have been effective. | Qualitative (conceptual model) |
1980 | Dahlman and Westphal | Dahlman and Westphal Model | The model has proposed a nine-stage process model for the industrialization process in the Far East. The model underlines three points: A TT project is best examined utilizing a consecutive perspective. A TT project should be initiated after a feasibility study since such projects often require substantial commitments. Transferees need to create sound engineering and project management skills without which the TT procedure cannot be managed effectively. | Qualitative (conceptual model) |
1982 | Landau | General Model of technology transfer | The model is focused on the transmission of information. The model considers the promotion of the product as the main factor for the delivery of the product. | Qualitative (practical case) |
1987 | Schlie, Radnor, and Wad | Schlie, Radnor, and Wad Model | The model outlines seven elements that can impact the implementation and success of any TT project. The model underlines two points: The numerous progressions that have occurred and are occurring in the worldwide business setting today have made it basic for managers of technology to increase good insights into the transferee condition, transferor condition, and the more prominent condition when developing a TT project. The choice of the technology transfer mechanism system ought to be founded on a modern comprehension of the other six components. | Qualitative (conceptual model) |
1988 | Lee et al. | Lee et al. Model | The longitudinal model of technology transfer is based on a study of developing and industrializing countries. The model points out that a transferee firm needs to put in place strategies to be able to go through the stages of acquisition, assimilation, and eventual improvement. | Qualitative (practical case) |