Technique

Advantages

Disadvantages

Activated sludge

- Effective in treating a wide variety of pollutants. - Produces good quality effluent. - System is widely studied and well understood.

- Consumes a lot of energy (aeration). - Produces sludge that requires proper management. - Needs regular monitoring and management.

Trickling filters

- Requires less energy compared to activated sludge. - Limited sludge production.

- May require more space than activated sludge. - Sensitive to toxic shocks.

Rotating biological contactors

- Good removal of BOD and suspended solids. - Limited sludge production. - Low energy consumption.

- Requires mechanical equipment (which can fail). - Risk of clogging or fouling.

High-performance lagooning

- Provides effective treatment with low energy consumption. - Capable of absorbing load variations.

- Requires a large space. - Dependent on climatic conditions.