| Parameters | Physical meanings | Units |
| θv | Valve opening | deg |
| θm | Motor rotary angle | deg |
| V | Motor voltage | V |
| Tsp, Tspl | Spring torque | - |
| Ng, Nv | Gear ratio | N∙m |
| Jm, Jg, Jv | Moment of inertia | N∙m∙s2 |
| Dm, Dg, Dv | Viscous friction | N∙m∙s |
| Eg, Ev | Transmission efficiency | - |
| R | Motor internal resistance | Ω |