Terminology

Product

Process

Input, Outcomes, Recourses and Constrains of process. Product is a result of activities such as planning, development, evaluation.

Conversion process from Input resources into Outcomes. Process is a procedure or method of the activities.

Quality:

Whole ability of “product and process” to satisfy stated or implied needs. Objects of a quality control are quality of “product and process” usually. Quality is defined by primary quality, secondary quality and quality in use defined in ISO/IEC25000.

From ISO, terminology “Product Quality” is defined as “totality of characteristics of an entity that bear on its ability to satisfy stated and implied needs”.

“System product quality” is defined in six characteristics in ISO/IEC9126 (ISO/IEC25010) Quality models.

“Process quality” is the efficiency of conversion process from input resources into outcomes and that is evaluated by following equation.

Process Quality = Quality of outcomes re-sources/Quality of input resources

For example, process quality can be assured from the view points as follows.

―does PDC cycle rotate?

―to satisfy ISO9000 requirements?

Primary Quality:

Quality to meet specified requirements.

A product quality meets quality requirement specification of product.

A process quality meets quality requirement specification of process. For ex, rules of inner corporation or international standard.

Secondary Quality:

An expected quality of “Product and Process”

An attractive product quality to meet a tacit expectation of customer needs.

An effective process quality to meet a tacit expectation of stakeholders needs.

Fair Desire:

Desire of human kind.

Desire concerning product that may cause good cause in future.

Desire concerning process that may cause good cause in future.

Un fair Desire:

Desire of human kind.

Desire concerning product that may cause bad cause in future.

Desire concerning process that may cause bad cause in future.

Good Cause:

A reason that causes advantage

The reason that causes an advantage by product such as benefit, advantage, profit.

The reason that causes advantage by process such as a quality improvement, cost down, decrease delivery time.

Bad Cause:

A reason that causes problem.

The reason that causes problem of product such as a defect, fault, error, obstructs.

The reason that causes a problem of process such as a quality decline, excess over the cost, an appointed date of delivery delay.

Advantage:

Good status of “Product or Process” which can achieve secondary quality.

Good status of product that is deviated from quality requirement specification of product.

―For ex, advantage of product is such as useful, attractiveness, low price, profitable, etc.

Good status of process that is deviated from quality requirement of process.

For ex, advantage of process such as performance, cost effectiveness, etc.

Problem:

Abnormal status of “Product or Process” which cannot achieve primary quality. It can be finally zero if push forward to correction.

An abnormal status of product that is deviated from quality requirement specification of product.

―For example, a problem of product is such as a defect, a fault, an error, an obstacle, etc.

An abnormal status of process that is deviated from quality requirement of process.

- For example, it is not to meet the process requirements of ISO9000 or rules of the inner or outer organization.

Issue:

An expected status of “Product or Process” which can achieve primary quality but cannot secondary quality. It is never disappears.

An expected status of a product which want to be improved in a more attractive quality.

It is necessary to soak a priority depending on importance and urgent degree, and to push forward improvement of product.

Prospective quality of process that want to be improved more efficiently.

It is necessary to soak a priority depending on importance and urgent degree, and to push forward improvement of process.

Positive Risk:

Outbreak probability and scale of expected good value. Dynamic risk management is synonyms as investment management.

An expected good value that may occur in the future by an activity for the resolution of an inner or outer problem or issue of product.

An expected good value that may occur in the future by an activity for the resolution of an inner or outer problem or issue of process.

Negative Risk: Outbreak probability and the scale of damage.

The damage that may occur in future by leaving problem or issue of product

The damage that may occur in future by leaving an inner or outer problem or issue of process.

Expected Good Value:

An expected status of “Product or Process”. The status that cannot be second quality.

An expected status of a product which want to be invested or improved in a more attractive quality. It is necessary to soak a priority depending on importance and urgent degree.

Expected quality of process which wants to be invested or improved more efficiently.

It is necessary to soak a priority depending on importance and urgent degree.

Prospective damage:

Prospective Damage of product in future.

Prospective Damage of process in future.