Group

Cases

Semen volume (ml)

Concentration (×10⁶/ml)

Rate of normal morphology (%)

Survival

rate (%)

Abnormal sperm index

Observation group

60

2.82 ± 0.12

69.17 ± 1.28

2.92 ± 0.11

70.25 ± 1.16

3.39 ± 0.11

Control group

60

3.39 ± 0.22

81.54 ± 2.13

6.12 ± 0.23

79.38 ± 5.27

1.12 ± 0.08

t

5.564

38.558

97.222

13.106

15.376

P

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000