NO

Author Year of Publication Country

Research Design/ Demographic/ No. of Subjects

Objective

Results

[4]

Kwan TT et al. 2010 Hong Kong

Quantitative 953 junior high school students

Assess education before and after a cervical cancer education program was initiated in school.

Before the program, HPV vaccine acceptance was favorable but relevant knowledge was low. After the program, participants had greater knowledge and a more positive attitude, with more girls anticipating family (41.6% before vs. 58.9% after) and peer support (32.8% before vs. 56.9% after).

[5]

Maya B. Mathur et al. 2010 USA

Quantitative Survey

170 female high school students, grades 9 - 12

Study the vaccination decision-making process and predictive factors for vaccination.

Overall, 48.4% participated in the vaccination decision making and 37.8% were vaccinated, but there were significant vaccine-related knowledge gaps. Vaccination was significantly associated with older age, vaccine information sources, and higher vaccine-related knowledge, but not with estimates of risk of HPV-related diseases, religion, or frequency of health care visits.

[6]

Charlene A. Wong et al. 2011 USA

Quantitative Data Analysis 2205 girls aged 9 - 17

Survey 1 - 2 years after the HPV vaccine was approved aiming to understand sociodemographic behaviors, and why parents refuse to allow girls to be vaccinated.

We observed increased vaccine uptake with increased age. There were no differences in HPV vaccine initiation dependent on race/ethnicity. Costs were cited as the main reason not to vaccinate daughters, and they said they would get the vaccine if it were free or provided at a much lower cost.

[7]

Deboran Watson et al. 2012 Tanzania

Quantitative/Comparative 3352 sixth grade students 2180 subjects born in 1998

Compared grade-based and age-based delivery methods to determine which is more effective.

HPV vaccine coverage was 84.7% for dose 1, 81.4% for dose 2, and 76.1% for dose 3. For each dose, coverage was higher in class-based schools than in age-based schools. Reasons for not vaccinating included absenteeism (6.3%) and parent refusal (6.7%).

[8]

KOBAYASHI Yuko et al. 2013 Japan

Qualitative/Semi-structured interview 26 high school students

Study factors in vaccination behaviors for the prevention of cervical cancer and correlate the formed concepts to explain vaccination behaviors.

The process to vaccination was affected by knowledge, awareness and perceptions of cervical cancer and the vaccine, relations with the opposite sex, and sexual activity. Barriers to vaccination and family factors were obstacles, but treatment was linked to the capacity to accommodate.

[9]

Mellisa B. Gilkey et al. 2014 USA

Quantative/Comparison of consulting, web consulting, and no consulting Data Analysis 107,434 subjects aged 11 - 18

Determine the effectiveness of the AFIX program (Assessment Feedback Incentive Exchange) and examine methods to improve the vaccination rate in adolescents.

At the 5-month follow-up, AFIX consultations increased vaccine coverage among younger adolescents. At 1 year, the 3 arms showed similar coverage changes. The effectiveness of in-person and webinar consultations was not statistically different at either time point.

[10]

SAITO Ryoko et al. 2014 Japan

Quantitative/Comparing urban and rural environments Questionnaire 1500 first-year high school students

Explore the decision-making factors and knowledge concerning cervical cancer among first-year high school students who received the vaccination.

The HPV vaccination coverage was 67.3%. Knowledge of cervical cancer was greater in the city than rural communities, and greater in vaccinated individuals than unvaccinated individuals. Decision-making factors for getting vaccinated were recommendations from family members, if the vaccine was free or not, and the number of side effects.

[11]

HATTORI Keiko et al. 2014 Japan

Quantitative Questionnaire 736 junior high students (1st-3rd year)

Study experience with the HPV vaccine and related factors.

HPV vaccine coverage was 25.2%, increasing in correlation to the school grade. Associated factors were awareness of the HPV vaccine, previous experience with vaccinations, and free availability of the vaccine. The mother’s opinion had the largest impact on the decision to get the shot.

[12]

MIYAJI Takami et al. 2014 Japan

Quantitative Questionnaire 2205 subjects ages 9 - 17

Study the awareness of sexually transmitted disease and vaccinations among junior high school students.

46.1% knew of public subsidization of the vaccine, 70.8% of cervical cancer, and 52.5% of the causes of sexually transmitted infections, with more high school students having awareness than junior high school students, and girls more than boys.