Gareeva

et al. (2013) [94]

different ethnicities, including 108 Russians (48 women and 60 men) and 143 Tatars (67 women and 76 men), which were treated in RPH no. 1 at Ufa city.

genotype (p = 0.038; OR = 2.12) and GRIN2B*T allele (p = 0.028; OR = 2.03), rs1805247, genotype GRIN2B*A/*A (p = 0.042; OR = 2.12), rs1805476; 2) genetic markers of the reduced risk of developing paranoid schizophrenia; 3) genetic markers of therapy response and the risk of side effects development during neuroleptics (haloperidol) treatment in Bashkortostan.

Boyajyan

et al. (2013) [27]

Study subjects were patients with the paranoid form of schizophrenia diagnosed by psychiatrists at the Psychiatric Medical Center of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Armenia based on the criteria of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD10 code: F20.0). In total, 225 chronic patients treated with typical neuroleptic haloperidol, 25 firstepisode neurolepticfree patients, and 225 healthy subjects (control group) were investigated. In the group of chronic patients 154 males and 71 females were enrolled.

It was shown that the pathogenesis of schizophrenia is characterized by an increased rate of apoptosis, which is more pronounced in the case of the first-episode neuroleptic-free patients than in the case of chronic patients that receive typical neuroleptic haloperidol. It was also shown that the rs11575945 polymorphism of the annexin A5 gene is associated with schizophrenia, and its minor allele is responsible for higher levels of the annexin A5 protein in the blood and represents one of the risk factors for the development of this disease.

Gadelha

et al. (2012) [23]

22 subjects from 4 families, including 11 patients with schizophrenia and 1 with schizoaffective disorder.

13q32 has been reported to be linked to schizophrenia by multiple

different studies. Thus, this study provides additional supporting evidence for an aetiological role of variants at 13q32 in schizophrenia.

Zhang et al. (2012) [12]

768 patients and 1348 controls. A second sample used 963 patients and 992 controls in the Han Chinese population.

Association analysis of nine SNPs failed to detect any positive markers or haplotypes. Then, was tested rs4680 in a validation and no significant association was observed, but the cases significantly deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p = 5.7e-4). There was no association of rs4680 with SZ in the combined sample (n = 4071, p = 0.110, odds ratio = 1.08).

Hirata et al. (2012) [104]

202 unrelated patients with a DSM-III-R or DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia, as well as for the schizophrenia probands of 108 small nuclear families. Case-control sample and family based sample are completely independent. Each schizophrenia case was matched with a healthy control (N = 211) on the basis of age, ethnicity, and sex. There were 128 male and 74 female cases. In the case-control study, the Caucasian-only sample was 169 of 202 cases (83.7%). In the family-based study, the Caucasian subset was 73 of 108 probands (67.5%).

Was analyzed eight SNPs across the GRIK1 gene. The marker rs469472 was associated with schizophrenia when we combined the case-control and family samples (p = 0.027).

Zhang et al. (2012) [71]

Han Chinese sample comprised of 492 schizophrenia patients and 516 healthy control subjects.

Was found association between ZNF804A and schizophrenia. ZNF804A single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) encompassing exon 4 by performing an association study. In addition, was observed a significant association between marker rsl344706 and schizophrenia (P < 1.0 × 105) in combined populations.

Park et al. (2012)

Two hundred and twenty Korean schizophrenia patients (mean age ± standard deviation, 42.1 ± 10.6 years; male/female = 123/97) and 376 control subjects (44.3 ± 6.3 years;

male/female = 192/184) were enrolled for this study.

We genotyped two cSNPs [rs2228261 (Asn470Asn) and rs2292305 (Thr523Ala)] using direct sequencing. In this study, rs2228261 revealed significant association with schizophrenia in both codom-inant and recessive models. Also, rs2292305 was associated with schizophrenia in the recessive model. The results suggest that the THBS1 gene may contribute to the susceptibility of schizophrenia.

Yamada

et al. (2012) [47]

Brain samples were taken from 35 schizophrenics (26 males, 9 females; mean ± SD age, 42.6 ± 8.5 years; postmortem interval (PMI), 31.4 ± 15.5 h; brain pH, 6.5 ± 0.2), 35 bipolar disorder patients (17 males, 18 females; mean ± SD age, 45.3 ± 10.5 years; PMI, 37.9 ± 18.3 h; brain pH, 6.4 ± 0.3), and 35 controls (26 males, 9 females; mean ± SD age, 44.2 ± 7.6 years; PMI,

29.4 ± 12.9 h; brain pH, 6.6 ± 0.3).

In the study, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs3106653) in the KCNJ3 (potassium inwardly rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 3) gene located at 2q24.1 showed association with schizophrenia. KCNJ3, also termed GIRK1 or Kir3.1, is a member of the G protein activated inwardly rectifying K + channel (GIRK) group.

1224 patients with schizophrenia (50.9% male (623/601), mean age ± SD: 46.2 ± 15.0 years) and 1663 healthy controls

It was genotyped four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the RELA gene and performed a gene-based association analysis.