325 case-parent trios). It was composed of four samples: 1) The REFAPSY cohort: 274 subjects in 88 nuclear families (98 cases and 176 parents forming 98 case-parent trios) (multi-center enrollment, France), 2) The “Colombes” cohort: 182 subjects in 60 nuclear families (62 cases and 120 parents forming 62 case-parent trios) (Paris, France), 3) The “Barcelona” cohort: 411 subjects in 137 nuclear families (137 cases and 274 parents forming 137 case-parent trios) (multi-center enrollment, Spain), and 4) The “Montreal” cohort: 84 subjects in 28 nuclear families (28 cases and 56 founders.

forming 28 case-parent trios) (Montreal, Canada).

HDAC9, HDAC10, and HDAC11 was detected and seems biologically plausible.

Yu et al. (2014) [8]

GWAS samples (768 schizophrenia cases and 1733 normal controls) came from individuals of Han Chinese ancestry, genotyped with Illumina Human610-Quad BeadChips.

As a result, it was identified one gene set with a joint effect significantly associated with schizophrenia and gene expression profiling analysis suggested that they were mainly neuro- and immune-related genes, such as glutamatergic gene (GRM5), GABAergic genes (GABRB1, GABARAP) and genes located in the MHC region (HLA-C, TAP2, HIST1H1B). Further pathway enrichment analysis suggested that these genes are involved in processes related to neuronal and immune systems, such as the Adherens junction pathway, the Neurotrophin signaling pathway and the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway.

Gareeva

et al. (2013) [52]

A group of 258 patients diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia F20.0xx (according to the international classification of diseases ICD10, paranoid schizophrenia in subjects of different ethnic backgrounds) including 110 Russians (50 women and 60 men) and 148 Tatars (68 women and 80 men) undergoing treatment in the Republican Psychiatric Hospital No. 1 of the Ministry of Health of the Republic Bashkortostan participated in the study.

The results are consistent with those obtained previously and support the hypothesis concerning the association of RGS2 gene polymorphisms with the risk of extrapyramidal syndrome development during haloperidol therapy and their involvement in the etiology and pathogenesis of schizophrenia.

Ryu et al. (2013) [86]

56 families with 183 members including 123 affected individuals in the QTL linkage scan

Was observed seven regions yielding linkage signals attaining genome-wide empirical thresholds for suggestive linkage (NPL Z

score = 2.78 - 3.49); chromosome 15q26.1 for “non-paranoid delusion factor”, 2p24.3 and 7q31.1 for “prodromal impairment factor”, 1q32.1, 9p21.3, and 9q31.2 for “negative symptom factor”, and 10p13 for “disorganization factor”. Among these loci, chromosome 2p24.3 and 1q32.1 overlap with susceptibility loci of schizophrenia identified in our previous linkage studies. This study suggests the existence of genetic loci related to various clinical features of schizophrenia. Further genetic analyses for these dimensional phenotypes are warranted.

Cao et al. (2013) [45]

The case samples were 310 random unrelated schizophrenia patients (144 male and 166 female)

Their results provide further evidence for an effect of the DISC1 gene on the etiology of schizophrenia and suggest that STRs in the DISC1 gene may be genetic risk factors for schizophrenia.

Zhang et al. (2013) [62]

902 cases and 1091 healthy controls in an attempt to replicate the GWAS results in the Chinese Han population

Locus 6p21-p22.1 is significantly associated with schizophrenia in the Chinese Han population. To further investigate the association between polymorphisms at this locus and schizophrenia. Was selected eight other single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) distributed in or near these genes for a case-control association study in an independent.

The examined subjects are represented by 251 patients with paranoid schizophre nia F.20.0xx in accordance with the International Classification of Diseases ICD10 of PS with

In the course of the analysis, this study revealed the following: 1) genetic markers of increased risk of developing paranoid schizophrenia in various ethnic groups, including, in Tatars, the GRIN2B*T/*T genotype (p = 0.003; OR = 2.33) and GRIN2B*T allele (p = 0.001; OR = 2.36), rs1805247; in Russians, the GRIN2B*T/*T