Wt (%) of palm fiber in composites

Urbach energy, E_u (eV)

Steepness parameter, σ

Pure ABS (0% fiber)

0.40

0.06

PF-ABS composites with 5% fiber

0.84

0.03

PF-ABS composites with 10% fiber

0.85

0.03

PF-ABS composites with 20% fiber

0.61

0.05