Charge q

D± curvature

meff

F z e l

a z e l = F z / m

s

v g z a t / 2

F x m

a x m = F x / m

q a x m E x H a l l

+ve ion

e

>0

mi

eE

eE/m

>0

eEt'/2m

eB(eEt'/2m)

eB(eEt'/m2)

>0

Electron

-e

>0

m

-eE

-eE/m

<0

-eEt'/2m

eB(eEt'/2m)

eB(eEt'/m2)

<0

Holey

electron

-e

<0

-m

-eE

eE/m

>0

eEt'/2m

-eB(eEt'/2m)

-eB(eEt'/m2)

>0