Surface

Contact angle (˚)

Surface energy (mJ/m2)

θd

θf

θw

γLW

γ+

γ

γAB

ΔGiwi

Bacterium

43.5

38.6

33.8

37.5

0.59

50.62

10.93

31.1

Std. dev.

1.5

2

1.4

0.8

0.1

4.5