Period of contraction	Average fiscal stance	Cyclically adjusted primary balance		Total government debt		Primary balance	Real GDP growth	Output gap
	Average fiscal stance	Beginning	End	Beginning	End	Primary balance	Real GDP growth	Output gap
	% of GDP					Average (%)
2008Q3-2009Q1	0.4	7.2	5.4	39.1	46.4	5.7	−1.2	−0.6
2010Q1-2010Q4	−0.1	−15.4	−0.5	35.8	30.9	−5.0	0.5	−1.5
2014Q1-2014Q2	−2.0	−14.8	12.3	37.9	35.5	−1.3	−0.6	0.1
2016Q3-2018Q4	−1.2	−3.3	1.3	39.4	43.6	4.6	−0.1	−0.2