city fixed effect

yes

yes

yes

yes

time fixed effect

yes

yes

yes

yes

province specific time trend

yes

yes

yes

yes

constant

−57.593

234.000**

141.963

12.733

(51.648)

(93.237)

(97.168)

(8.554)

observations

405

401

401

405

R-squared

0.606

0.400

0.621

0.120

number of city

46

46

46

46