Dependent Variable

Sample

Test

Statistic

Pr > χ2

Variables

TI_CPI

Africa

White’s Test

24.43

0.2242

Cross of all variables

Breusch-Pagan

5

0.1382

1, Eco_stage, Institutions, Press_freedom, ELF, HDI

WB_bribery1

Africa

White’s Test

17.21

0.6393

Cross of all variables

Breusch-Pagan

7.71

0.173

1, Eco_stage, Institutions, Press_freedom, ELF, HDI

WB_bribery2

Africa

White’s Test

18.72

0.5402

Cross of all variables

Breusch-Pagan

4.18

0.5232

1, Eco_stage, Institutions, Press_freedom, ELF, HDI