Matching methods

Processing effect

Model (1)

RD

Model (2)

RDP

Model (3)

BC

Model (4)

Patent

probability ratio

ATT

0.120*** (2.87)

0.220** (2.53)

0.003 (0.34)

0.098 (0.84)

ATU

0.080** (1.83)

0.146 (1.55)

0.012 (1.20)

−0.141 (−1.23)

ATE

0.098*** (3.05)

0.179** (2.51)

0.008 (1.14)

−0.035 (−0.39)

K−near neighbor

(k = 1)

ATT

0.120*** (2.96)

0.220** (2.53)

0.003 (0.37)

0.098 (0.84)

ATU

0.080* (1.65)

0.146 (1.61)

0.0112 (1.16)

−0.141 (−1.19)

ATE

0.098*** (2.82)

0.179*** (2.66)

0.008 (1.11)

−0.035 (−0.38)

Radius matching (r = 0.01)

ATT

0.104*** (4.48)

0.195*** (3.51)

0.006 (1.17)

0.065 (0.88)

ATU

0.123*** (3.91)

0.206*** (2.85)

0.008 (0.12)

−0.008 (−0.08)

ATE

0.115*** (4.56)

0.202*** (3.39)

0.003 (0.57)

0.025 (0.33)

Kernel matching

ATT

0.120*** (2.85)

0.220*** (2.61)

0.028 (0.35)

0.098 (0.88)

ATU

0.080* (1.75)

0.146 (1.60)

0.12 (1.21)

−0.141 (−1.17)

ATE

0.098*** (2.98)

0.179*** (2.59)

0.008 (1.13)

−0.035 (−0.39)