| Level | First difference | ||
IPS test | CADF test | IPS test | CADF test | |
Cons | 6.012 (1.000) | 0.367 (0.643) | −24.235* (0.000) | −6.534* (0.000) |
G | 1.587 (0.934) | −2.043* (0.021) | −22.517* (0.000) | −5.941* (0.000) |
GDP | 9.077 (1.000) | 1.193 (0.884) | −19.006* (0.000) | −6.046* (0.000) |