Aim

Interpretation layer

Indicator

level

Indicators

Abbreviations

Definition of Indicators

Fiscal

Extractive Capacity

Political

Factors

Decentralization of Fiscal

Expenditure

fd

per capita municipal expenditure/(per capita municipal expenditure + per capita provincial expenditure + per capita central fiscal expenditure)

economic

factors

The level of economic

development

lngdpp

the logarithmic form of per capita GDP

Industrial structure

seci teri

the proportion of the secondary industry and tertiary industry

Trade

openness

open

the ratio of the total value of local imports and exports to the local GDP

Demographic factors

Population density

lndop

The number of people/quare

kilometer, logarithmic form