Four phases of emergency management

Interventions

Mitigation

§ Government policy development of allocation of funds for emergency planning and development

§ Development of a centralized epidemic and pandemic surveillance program

§ International cooperation among national public health and infectious disease centers of each country

§ Development of local community and spiritual resources

§ Widespread vaccination programs

Preparedness

§ Educational programs to teach populations about infectious diseases, prevention, transmission, and response

§ Education about personal protective equipment

§ Training of teachers, healthcare professionals, spiritual leaders in psychological first aid

§ A national mechanism for emergency production of personal protective equipment

Response

§ Clear and consistent communication about unfolding infectious disease crisis

§ Activation of mental health resources including online, telephone, and community based therapy

§ Accessible online programs of exercise classes

§ Enactment of peer and community support systems

§ Utilization of shelters with social distancing

§ Food banks and distribution of food to quarantined populations

Recovery

§ Creation of a space for narrative and art to commemorate those who died and the experiences of survivors

§ Mental health resources