Grammatical functions

No.

Iteams

ASD

DS

ID

TD

4 years

5 years

6 years

(n = 11)

(n = 16)

(n = 10)

(n = 16)

(n = 19)

(n = 23)

the number of components

1

nouns

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

2

adjectives

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

3

verbs

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

4

two-factor combining sentences

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

5

negative sentences

100.0

87.5

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

6

three-factor combining sentences

100.0

93.8

100.0

93.8

100.0

100.0

10

sentences combining multiple-factors

45.5

31.3

50.0

31.3

73.7

87.0

perspectives

7

reversible sentences

100.0

62.5

80.0

81.3

100.0

100.0

14

passive sentences

36.4

12.5

10.0

25.0

36.8

56.5

conjunction particles

8

not X but also Y

63.6

37.5

30.0

68.8

63.2

91.3

9

X, but Y is different

45.5

25.0

40.0

31.3

63.2

73.9

11

both X and Y are different

18.2

18.8

20.0

31.3

36.8

56.5

particle strategies

12

position words

36.4

12.5

10.0

37.5

57.9

73.9

15

comparative expressions

18.2

0.0

0.0

18.8

31.6

60.9

19

nominative particle

0.0

0.0

10.0

6.3

15.8

34.8

sentence structures

13

subject modifier (left-branching)

9.1

6.3

10.0

18.8

47.4

52.2

17

predicate modifiers

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

15.8

39.1

20

subject modifier (center-embedded sentences)

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

numerical expressions

16

numeral

63.6

12.5

0.0

0.0

5.3

39.1

18

plural form

63.6

12.5

20.0

18.8

10.5

69.6

The average number of passed items

11.0

8.1

8.8

9.6

11.6

14.3

(SD)

(2.0)

(2.0)

(1.6)

(2.5)

(2.3)

(3.1)