“ga” = the subjective case

“ni” = the case indicating the attached place

Neko ga naiteiru (a cat is crying)

Usagi ga basu ni notteiru (a rabbit is riding on the bus)

Tori ga neteiru (a bird is sleeping)

Kuma ga isu ni suwatteiru (a bear is sitting on a chair)

Saru ga okotteiru (a monkey is angry)

Kaeru ga happa ni notteiru (a frog is riding on a leaf)

“wo”* = the objective case (Irreversible Sentences)

“kara” = the case indicating the starting place or time

Saru ga ringo wo tabeteiru (a monkey is eating an apple)

Inu ga kuruma kara oriru (a dog is getting out of the car)

Usagi ga bôru wo nageteiru (a rabbit is throwing a ball)

Saru ga reizouko kara aisu wo dasu (a monkey is taking out ice cream from the refrigerator)

Panda ga te wo aratteiru (a panda is washing his hands)

“wo”* = the objective case (Reversible Sentences)

Buta ga tana kara hako wo toru (a pig is unloading a box from the shelf)

Nezumi ga tori wo oikakeru

(a mouse is chasing a bird)

“de” = the case indicating the tools

Usagi ga saru wo tataiteiru (a rabbit is hitting a monkey)

Panda ga supûn de tabeteiru (a panda is eating with a spoon)

Usagi ga kuma wo okoshiteiru (a rabbit is waking a bear up)

Inu ga syaberu de ana wo hour (a dog is digging a hole with a shovel)

“de” = the locative case

Tori ga tonkachi de tataiteiru (a bird is hitting a nail with a hammer)

Kuma ga kouen de asondeiru (a bear is playing in the park)

Nezumi ga kawa de sakana wo tutteiru (a rat is fishing in the river)

Panda ga pûru de oyoideiru (a panda is swimming in the pool)