1 kg of NOx removed by vehicle converter

LCI phase

TWC

converter

1/2 TWC

converter

Materials and energy—input from techno sphere

Aluminized steel, gram

Production

2

1

Stainless steel, gram

Production

20

10

Canister manufacturing, gram

Production

20

10

Aluminum oxide—silica fibres (proxy for isolation), gram

Production

1

0.5

Kaolin, gram

Production, cordierite

1.3

0.65

Talc, gram

Production, cordierite

2.4

1.2

Aluminum oxide, gram

Production, cordierite

0.7

0.35

Aluminium hydroxide, gram

Production, cordierite

1.1

0.55

Silica, gram

Production, cordierite

0.6

0.3

Electricity, Wh

Production, cordierite

9

4.5

Aluminum oxide, gram

Production, wash coat

0.10

0.05

Cerium oxide, gram

Production, wash coat

0.20

0.10

Zirconium oxide, gram

Production, wash coat

0.60

0.30

Acetic acid, gram

Production, wash coat

1*

0.5*

Platinum (Pt), gram

Production, wash coat

0.001

0

Palladium (Pd), gram

Production, wash coat

0.010

0

Rhodium (Rh), gram

Production, wash coat

0.001

0.001

Emission to air

NOx, gram

Operation, FU

−1000

−1000

CO removed in converter, gram

Operation

−4600

0

THC removed in converter, gram

Operation

−700

0

CO2 from converted pollutants

Operation

9400

0

CO2 from additional fuel use

Operation

8000

4000

Waste

TWC unit to treatment: recycling and disposal, gram

End-of-life

30

15