Reference flow: 1 kg of NO_x removed by vehicle converter

LCI phase (Manuscript reference 3.2.2)

TWC converter

Ecoinvent 3.7.1 (2020), APOS

Materials and energy—input from techno sphere

Aluminized steel, gram

Production

2

Steel, low-alloyed, hot rolled, steel production, low-alloyed, hot rolled, RER

Stainless steel, gram

Production

20

Steel, chromium steel 18/8, hot rolled, market for steel, chromium steel 18/8, hot rolled, GLO

Canister manufacturing, gram

Production

20

Deep drawing, steel, 38,000 kN press, automode, RER

Aluminum oxide—silica fibres, (proxy for isolation), gram

Production

1

Aluminium oxide, metallurgical, market for aluminium oxide, metallurgical, IAI Area, EU27 & EFTA

Kaolin, gram

Production, cordierite

1.3

Kaolin, market for kaolin, GLO

Talc, gram

Production, cordierite

2.4

Magnesium oxide, market for magnesium oxide, GLO

Aluminum oxide, gram

Production, cordierite

0.7

Aluminium oxide, metallurgical, market for aluminium oxide, metallurgical, IAI Area, EU27 & EFTA

Aluminium hydroxide, gram

Production, cordierite

1.1

Aluminium hydroxide, market for aluminium hydroxide, GLO

Silica, gram

Production, cordierite

0.6

Silica sand, market for silica sand, GLO

Electricity, Wh

Production, cordierite

9

Electricity, medium voltage. Market for electricity, medium voltage, DE

Aluminum oxide, gram

Production, wash coat

0.10

Aluminium oxide, metallurgical, market for aluminium oxide, metallurgical, IAI Area, EU27 & EFTA

Cerium oxide, gram

Production, wash coat

0.20

Cerium oxide, market for cerium oxide, GLO

Zirconium oxide, gram

Production, wash coat

0.60

Zirconium oxide, market for zirconium oxide, GLO

Acetic acid, gram

Production, wash coat

1*

Acetic acid, without water, in 98% solution state, market for acetic acide, without water, in 98% solution state, GLO

Platinum (Pt), gram

Production, wash coat

0.001

Metal catalyst for catalytic converter, platinum for generic market for catalytic converter, GLO

Palladium (Pd), gram

Production, wash coat

0.010

Metal catalyst for catalytic converter, palladium for generic market for catalytic converter, GLO

Rhodium (Rh), gram

Production, wash coat

0.001

Metal catalyst for catalytic converter, rhodium for generic market for catalytic converter, GLO