6^th grade

5^th grade

3^rd grade

Linguistic skills

F

monolingual

Bilingual

F

monolingual

Bilingual

F

monolingual

Bilingual

Arab

Arab

Jewish

Arab

Arab

Jewish

Arab

Arab

Jewish

17.14**^,a

73.10₂

78.53₁

79.03₁

9.44**

67.97₂

73.77₁

73.37₁

4.82**

31.87₂

38.23₁

36.57_1,2

Identification: Diacritical Words

(5.77)

(3.29)

(3.58)

(6.48)

(5.47)

(5.30)

(7.65)

(8.14)

(8.87)

9.05**^,a

66.77₂

70.50₁

71.53₁

10.09**

59.77₂

66.53₁

62.70₂

12.20**

25.67₂

34.70₁

34.23₁

Identification: Non-Diacritical Words

(5.96)

(3.48)

(3.87)

(6.58)

(4.80)

(6.03)

(5.94)

(8.95)

(8.68)

8.23**

49.63₂

56.87₂

57.20₁

5.87**

46.13₂

52.47₁

43.83₂

19.85**

18.37₂

27.40₁

25.20₁

Pseudo-Word

(7.11)

(8.76)

(8.52)

(10.16)

(9.75)

(10.40)

(4.66)

(6.78)

(5.74)

18.57**

66.33₂

73.47₁

74.73₁

5.96**^,a

54.07₂

63.67₁

62.00₁

1.95

31.10

34.37

33.90

Phon. Awareness: Analysis

(5.31)

(6.31)

(5.60)

(13.34)

(11.70)

(9.09)

(6.40)

(7.15)

(7.23)

13.73**

65.70₂

71.87₁

73.67₁

4.11^a

54.53

61.97

60.87

2.25

29.53

32.47

31.30

Phon. Awareness: Synthesis

(5.91)

(6.72)

(5.86)

(12.41)

(11.01)

(8.80)

(5.20)

(5.21)

(5.76)

14.20**

65.70₂

70.93₁

73.03₁

4.34*

55.87

63.60

61.40

2.81

29.67

32.60

30.03

Phon. Awareness: Omitting

(4.98)

(6.43)

(4.93)

(11.36)

(10.80)

(9.16)

(5.59)

(5.35)

(4.70)

6.47**

70.30₂

74.83₁

75.20₁

14.02**

64.33

72.70

69.23

0.82

34.07

37.30

35.67

Orthography

(4.94)

(6.59)

(5.98)

(6.36)

(5.22)

(6.77)

(9.26)

(10.71)

(9.37)

10.05**

66.83₂

74.30₁

74.80₁

7.57**

59.80

69.23

66.10

1.82

26.17

30.20

28.60

Morphology 1

(8.43)

(7.14)

(7.50)

(8.80)

(8.85)

(10.89)

(7.89)

(8.48)

(8.34)

6.15**

67.27₂

73.77₁

73.67₁

3.16

59.37

66.47

65.73

1.43

26.37

29.90

28.60

Morphology 2

(7.97)

(8.29)

(8.41)

(10.17)

(14.74)

(10.75)

(7.74)

(8.60)

(8.17)

20.65**

65.70₂

72.27₁

74.27₁

6.93**

63.93

70.13

68.23

4.21*

34.23₂

39.57₁

37.83_1,2

Syntax Judgment

(5.31)

(5.75)

(5.13)

(7.18)

(6.60)

(6.00)

(7.93)

(7.34)

(6.44)

0.27

66.00

65.53

64.87

6.69**

52.27

57.60

56.20

1.99

32.60

36.47

34.83

Working Memory

(5.64)

(6.21)

(6.04)

(5.38)

(6.00)

(6.16)

(7.68)

(7.75)

(7.14)

2.98

64.63

68.17

69.60

6.43**

54.73

60.07

58.87

2.66

23.13

25.93

25.30

Spelling

(7.91)

(8.17)

(8.24)

(5.72)

(5.56)

(6.78)

(4.97)

(4.81)

(5.00)

14.63**

70.00₂

75.30₁

76.87₁

7.51**

63.33

70.00

67.87

2.37

26.23

29.93

28.77

Syntax Recognition

(5.21)

(5.53)

(4.67)

(7.66)

(6.93)

(5.67)

(6.39)

(7.04)

(6.77)

13.84**

75.83₂

80.40₁

81.93₁

37.16**

64.37

76.33

73.97

1.97

38.43

42.87

39.23

Reading Comprehension

(4.98)

(4.64)

(4.38)

(5.83)

(5.84)

(5.39)

(9.20)

(10.15)

(8.19)