ICT self-efficacy | pre-test Mean (SD) | post-test Mean (SD) | t value (p) | Cohen’s d |
revising (N = 104) | 3.21 (0.98) | 4.00 (0.92) | t = 8.30 (p < 0.001) | 0.83 |
creating (N = 90) | 3.12 (0.95) | 2.94 (1.32) | t = ?1.59 (p = 0.115) | ?0.16 |