ICT self-efficacy

revising (N = 104)

Mean (SD)

creating (N = 90)

Mean (SD)

t value (p)

Cohen’s d

pre-test

3.21 (0.98)

3.12 (0.95)

t = 0.61 (p = 0.054)

0.09

post-test

4.00 (0.92)

2.94 (1.32)

t = 6.37 (p < 0.001)

0.93