ICT self-efficacy | revising (N = 104) Mean (SD) | creating (N = 90) Mean (SD) | t value (p) | Cohen’s d |
pre-test | 3.21 (0.98) | 3.12 (0.95) | t = 0.61 (p = 0.054) | 0.09 |
post-test | 4.00 (0.92) | 2.94 (1.32) | t = 6.37 (p < 0.001) | 0.93 |