characteristics

Pb-Acid

Li-ion

Ni-Cd

Ni-Mh

Nsa

VRFB

Specific energy [Wh/Kg]

25 - 50

80 - 250

30 - 80

40 - 110

150 - 240

10 - 130

Specific Power [W/Kg]

150 - 400

200 - 2000

80 - 300

200 - 300

90 - 230

50 - 150

Energy Density [KWh/m³]

25 - 90

95 - 500

15 - 150

40 - 300

150 - 350

10 - 33

Power Density [KW/m³]

10 - 400

50 - 800

40 - 140

10 - 600

1.2 - 50

2.5 - 33

Energy cost [?kWh]

40 - 170

500 - 2100

680 - 1300

170 - 640

250 - 420

130 - 850

Power cost [?kW]

250 - 500

1000 - 3400

420 - 1300

200 - 470

850 - 2500

500 - 1300

Lifetime [years]

2 - 15

5 - 15

10 - 20

2 - 15

10 - 15

5 - 15

Lifetime cycles [cycles]

250

-

2000

100

-

10000

1000

-

5000

300

-

1800

2500

-

40,000

10,000

-

16,000

Cell voltage[V]

2.21

3.7

1.3

1.35

2.71

1.4

Efficiency [%]

63 - 90

75 - 97

60 - 90

50 - 80

75 - 90

75 - 90