Comparison of Different Vehicle Types | ||||
| Gasoline ICE | Gasoline Hybrid | H2 CI | H2 Fuel Cell |
Engine Type | Spark ignition | Spark ignition & Electric motor | CI (with electric motor) | Fuel cell & electric motor |
Average engine efficiency | ~30% | ~30% | ~40% | ~55% |
Max engine efficiency | 32.5% | 32.5% | ~40% | ~65% |
Size-ability | As much power as needed, at the cost of mpg | Efficiency improvements over gas ICEs are mostly lost with increased power | Efficiency losses or higher emission control costs to increase power | Increasing power may be expensive, requiring additional FCs |
Cost of Fuel | Currently low | Currently low | Currently high; but may be slightly lower than FCVs | Currently high |
Criteria Pollutant Emissions | Meets emission standards | Lower than gasoline ICE | Likely low, some NOx | Very low or none |
State of technology | developed | developed, and in diffusion stage | Could be developed quickly | Earlier in the research process |