| Energy storage forms | Main advantages and disadvantages | Current research stage |
| Flywheel energy storage | Long life and high efficiency; Low energy density and high noise | 20 MW demonstration project in New York, USA |
| Superconducting energy storage | High efficiency and quick response; Low energy density and high cost | MW demonstration project in Wisconsin, USA |
| Super capacitor | Quick response and high efficiency; Low energy density and high cost | MW demonstration project in German |
| Battery storage | Generally high power and high efficiency; High cost | China, the United States, Japan and other countries have MW demonstration projects |
| Fuel cell | High energy and long time; Low efficiency | Study by k. v. idyanandan laboratory in India |