Factors

n

Hazard ratio

95% CI

p-value

Age group

≤40 (ref)

37,602

1.00

>40

529,840

1.08

1.04, 1.13

<0.001

Gender

Male (ref)

242,081

1.00

Female

325,361

0.87

0.86, 0.88

<0.001

Race

Chinese (ref)

92,726

1.00

Malay

358,577

1.27

1.25, 1.30

<0.001

Indian

73,874

0.96

0.93, 0.99

0.005

Others

42,265

1.05

1.01, 1.08

0.011

Smoking status

*No (ref)

535,443

1.00

Yes

31,999

1.10

1.07, 1.14

<0.001

Type of diabetes

Type 1 (ref)

3302

1.00

Type 2

564,140

0.92

0.83, 1.02

0.110

Duration of diabetes (year)

<5 (ref)

200,666

1.00

5 - 10

237,419

0.91

0.89, 0.93

<0.001

>10

129,357

0.67

0.66, 0.69

<0.001

^#Number of comorbidity

0

136,983

1.00

1

174,970

2.47

2.39, 2.55

<0.001

2

235,632

4.34

4.22, 4.47

<0.001

3

19,020

6.56

6.31, 6.81

<0.001

4

837

9.13

8.20, 10.17

<0.001