Characteristics

Retinopathy

Nephropathy

Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Amputation

N (%)

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

Age group

≤40

37,602 (6.63)

1116 (2.97)

1263 (3.36)

258 (0.69)

113 (0.30)

>40

529,840 (93.37)

35,321 (6.42)

38,281 (7.23)

6355 (1.20)

3419 (0.65)

Gender

Male

242,081 (42.66)

15,069 (6.22)

18,273 (7.55)

3345 (1.38)

1852 (0.77)

Female

325,361 (57.34)

21,368 (6.57)

21,271 (6.54)

3268 (1.00)

1680 (0.52)

Race

Malay

358,577 (63.19)

22,656 (6.32)

28,062 (7.83)

4855(1.35)

2508 (0.70)

Chinese

92,726 (16.34)

6394 (6.90)

5723 (6.17)

653 (0.70)

400 (0.43)

Indian

73,874 (13.02)

4314 (5.84)

4153 (5.62)

820 (1.11)

490 (0.66)

Others

42,265 (7.45)

3073 (7.27)

1606 (3.80)

285 (0.67)

134 (0.32)

Smoking status

Yes

31,999 (5.64)

2239 (7.00)

2752 (8.60)

6612 (1.17)

320 (0.62)

No

456,485 (80.45)

29,509 (6.46)

31,447 (6.89)

5088 (1.11)

2755 (0.60)

Not known

78,958 (13.91)

4673 (5.93)

5326 (6.76)

892 (1.13)

456 (0.58)