variables

Bauchi

(n = 301)

Jigawa

(n = 295)

Kano

(n = 300)

Katsina

(n = 300)

Kebbi

(n = 274)

Pooled

(n = 1470)

Test of

comparisona

Age (years)

41.8 (13)

45.9 (11.4)

45.4 (12.4)

45.8 (11.5)

48 (10.4)

45.3 (11.9)

10.52***

Sex (male = 1)

0.89

0.84

0.98

0.92

0.97

0.92

57031***

Education (number of years)

6.3 (6.3)

1.2 (3.6)

2.5 (4.8)

2.6 (5.1)

2.1 (4.7)

2.9 (5.3)

45.05***

Married (yes = 1)

0.88

0.98

0.97

0.98

0.99

0.96

7189***

Main activity (agriculture = 1)

0.73

0.96

0.79

0.84

0.94

0.85

85.43***

Participation in farm activities (full-time worker = 1)

0.42

0.96

0.81

0.79

0.95

0.78

333.64***

Household size (number of persons)

8.9 (6.8)

9.4 (6.4)

9.1 (6.1)

10.3 (6.4)

9.6 (7.2)

9.4 (6.6)

2.01*

Experience (years)

16.8. (13.3)

23.6 (11.8)

24.6 (13.6)

20.6 (11.2)

25.5 (13.6)

22.2 (13.1)

23.07***

Contact with agricultural advisors (number of visits)

0.9 (1.8)

3.8 (3.2)

6.6 (8.6)

3.6 (5.4)

5.9(12.9)

4.1 (7.7)

27.11***

Involved in technology transfer activity (yes = 1)

0.15

0.60

0.31

0.20

0.44

0.34

174.52***

Participation in agricultural training (yes = 1)

0.11

0.24

0.37

0.15

0.18

0.21

77.92***

Living in TLIII village (yes = 1)

0.44

0.84

0.40

0.80

0.79

0.65

242.72***

Distance to market (km)

7.1 (7.6)

16.9 (24.9)

5.2 (5.1)

5.3 (5.7)

11.6 (18.3)

9.14 (15.3)

34.91***

Groundnut area (ha)

1.98 (1.68)

1.83 (1.63)

1.04 (1.02)

1.88 (1.45)

2.99 (2.36)

1.94 (1.79)

42.67***

Yield (kg/ha)

587.11 (427.62)

521.11 (403.47)

825.77 (567.62)

683.48 (531.53)

943.66 (597.06)

709.44 (532.78)

30.10***

Seed quantity (kg/ha)

17.44 (10.81)

19.38 (14.34)

26.83 (16.40)

19.58 (13.01)

19.99 (10.53)

20.62 (13.56)

16.88***

Crops mixture (yes = 1)

0.39

0.70

0.83

0.62

0.33

0.58

184.68***

Crops rotation (yes = 1)

0.27

0.55

0.80

0.50

0.20

0.47

232.21***