| Production Shocks | Marketing Shocks | ||||||||
Variable | Coping (n = 629) | Non coping (n = 189) | Chi2a/t-testb | Coping (n = 119) | Non coping (n = 26) | Chi2a/t-testb | ||||
Mean | Std. Dev. | Mean | Std. Dev. | Mean | Std. Dev. | Mean | Std. Dev. | |||
Human capital | ||||||||||
Household size | 5.99 | 2.257 | 5.10 | 2.191 | 4.813*** | 5.99 | 1.989 | 5.23 | 2.503 | 1.683* |
Gender | 0.80 | 0.399 | 0.79 | 0.406 | 0.053 | 0.82 | 0.383 | 0.77 | 0.430 | 0.415 |
Age | 49.29 | 12.231 | 50.11 | 13.495 | −0.787 | 51.13 | 12.039 | 52.96 | 11.827 | −0.703 |
Marital status | 0.80 | 0.403 | 0.79 | 0.406 | 0.007 | 0.82 | 0.383 | 0.77 | 0.430 | 0.415 |
Education | 9.15 | 4.522 | 9.51 | 4.664 | −0.940 | 9.07 | 4.286 | 9.85 | 4.451 | −0.834 |
Social capital | ||||||||||
Land tenure | 0.91 | 0.280 | 0.89 | 0.315 | 1.114 | 0.90 | 0.302 | 1.00 | 0.000 | 2.858* |
Member to a farmer group | 0.44 | 0.496 | 0.32 | 0.467 | 8.617*** | 0.41 | 0.494 | 0.31 | 0.471 | 0.969 |
Natural capital | ||||||||||
Rural location | 0.78 | 0.413 | 0.49 | 0.501 | 62.104*** | 0.87 | 0.343 | 0.58 | 0.504 | 11.730*** |
Fertile soil | 0.50 | 0.500 | 0.58 | 0.495 | 3.641* | 0.53 | 0.501 | 0.38 | 0.496 | 1.790 |
Steep land slope | 0.42 | 0.494 | 0.33 | 0.471 | 5.444** | 0.39 | 0.491 | 0.38 | 0.496 | 0.100 |
Physical capital | ||||||||||
Distance to market | 2.36 | 2.418 | 2.39 | 2.464 | −0.168 | 2.04 | 1.796 | 2.69 | 1.644 | −1.696 |
Distance to agro-vet | 2.24 | 2.128 | 1.96 | 1.889 | 1.656* | 2.01 | 2.366 | 2.58 | 2.403 | −1.102 |
Type of irrigation system | 0.14 | 0.350 | 0.20 | 0.398 | 3.076* | 0.10 | 0.302 | 0.27 | 0.452 | 5.314** |
Financial capital | ||||||||||
Total household income (log) | 16.17 | 0.223 | 16.17 | 0.250 | 0.266 | 16.12 | 0.384 | 16.27 | 0.236 | −1.928 |
Off-farm income | 0.23 | 0.419 | 0.35 | 0.478 | 11.346*** | 0.23 | 0.421 | 0.46 | 0.508 | 5.975** |
Total livestock units (TLU) | 0.75 | 0.545 | 0.82 | 0.661 | 0.007 | 0.67 | 0.550 | 0.60 | 0.649 | 0.643 |
Grading of AIV | 0.34 | 0.475 | 0.39 | 0.489 | 1.471 | 0.39 | 0.491 | 0.42 | 0.504 | 0.070 |
Number of farm enterprises | 5.95 | 2.255 | 5.01 | 2.312 | 5.025*** | 6.24 | 2.786 | 4.88 | 1.558 | 2.402** |
Land size (log) | 0.30 | 1.026 | 0.28 | 0.973 | 0.226 | 0.35 | 0.926 | 0.24 | 1.014 | 0.524 |
Institution and access-related variables |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Credit services | 0.22 | 0.412 | 0.14 | 0.351 | 4.902** | 0.18 | 0.390 | 0.15 | 0.368 | 0.140 |
Access to information | 0.37 | 0.484 | 0.40 | 0.492 | 0.559 | 0.40 | 0.493 | 0.35 | 0.485 | 0.293 |
High-value market | 0.18 | 0.384 | 0.13 | 0.334 | 2.891* | 0.14 | 0.351 | 0.04 | 0.196 | 2.139 |
Warning on shocks | 0.18 | 0.388 | 0.14 | 0.351 | 1.740 | 0.18 | 0.390 | 0.15 | 0.368 | 3.427* |
Contract farming | 0.08 | 0.266 | 0.07 | 0.254 | 0.119 | 0.10 | 0.302 | 0.15 | 0.368 | 0.611 |
Certification | 0.34 | 0.475 | 0.20 | 0.402 | 13.478*** | 0.28 | 0.450 | 0.27 | 0.452 | 0.007 |
Extension services | 1.74 | 3.135 | 0.95 | 2.130 | 3.226*** | 1.72 | 3.234 | 1.23 | 2.405 | 0.732 |