Name

Chemical Formula

Remarks

Jatropha oil (JO): 1,2-OLEIN -3-LINOLEIN molecule (OOL)

C₅₇H₁₀₂O₆

The major triglyceride (TG) molecule in JO [33] : Main feedstock: Is not transformed in the reactor

Sodium Hydroxide

NaOH

Converting FFA into soap; Partial Neutralisation of Phosphatidic acid (PA)/Hydrating PA

Oleic acid

C₁₈H₃₄O₂

The principal FA in the JO [33] [34] : exist in crude JO as a deterioration by-product of hydrolysis

Phosphoric Acid

H₃PO₄

Removing gums by converting NHPL to HPL

Phosphatidic acid (PA)

C₃₉H₇₃O₈P

Gums (NHPL): Intermediate product of acid degumming

Calcium phosphatidate (CaPA)

C₃₉H₇₂O₈PCa

Gums: NHPL compounds in the form of Ca²⁺ salts: Calcium salt of PA. Main reactant in acid degumming

Calcium bi-phosphate salt (CBP)

CaH₄P₂O₈

By-product of acid degumming

Sodium salt

C₃₉H₇₂O₈PNa

Gums (HPL): Sodium salt of PA. Product of partial neutralisation reaction of PA

Soap

C₁₈H₃₃O₂Na

Product of neutralisation reaction of oleic acid (transformed FFAs)

NGC

A mixture of hydrocarbons (C₃-C₉), mainly heptane, octane and nonane

Modifier: Lowers JO viscosity

MPO

Blended oil: a mixture of PO and modifier

Modified Plant Oil: Main product: a mixture of JO and NGC

Water

H₂O

Secondary product of neutralisation reaction; hydrates (dissolves) HPL to facilitate gums removal; washing material