| Soil | Rumen |
| Primarily interacts with mineral phase [30] | Primarily interacts with organic matter [32] |
| Absorbs soil nitrogen and supplies it primarily to root systems [31] | Absorbs soil nitrogen and supplies it primarily to ruminal microbes [33] |
| Primarily affects nitrogen monoxide emissions [31] | Affects methane production [32] |
| Interacts with soil microbes, plants microbes, and soil macrofauna [30] | Interacts only with ruminal microorganisms [33] |
| 1) Interact with methanogens and gets hydrogen produced by protozoa [33] 2) Manifests all electrochemical properties [34] 3) Can act as both electron sink and electron source [34] | |