Physico-chemical properties

Oil samples of

Crude

Degummed

Neutralized

Bleached

deodorized

Color reversed oil

R.I at 25˚C

1.4715^a

1.4715^a

1.4715^a

1.4715^a

1.4717^a

1.4715^a

Color

units

Red

6.2^c

7.5^c

8.6^d

4.5^b

1.3^a

4.2^b

Yellow

35^d

35^d

35^d

25^c

8^a

18^b

FFA (% as oleic acid)

0.74^d

0.36^c

0.03^b

0.03^b

0.02^a

0.03^b

PV (meqO₂/kg oil)

1.79^c

2.89^d

2.89^d

1.5^c

0.42^a

0.6^b

p-Anisidine value (meq/kg oil)

4.46^b

9.89^d

9.89^d

6.86^c

2.98^a

3.28^b

Totox value

5.05^d

6.49^de

5.819^d

3.059^c

0.789^a

1.259^b

Oxidative stability (at 10˚C), air flow rate of 20 L/h

8.86^a

8.46^a

7.12^b

6.42^c

5.78^d

5.54^d

IV (I₂/100 g oil)

130.82^a

128.96^a

128.30^a

129.60^a

127.70^a

127.95^a

Saponification value (mgKOH/g oil)

194.67^a

194.54^a

194.89^a

194.52^a

194.62^a

194.28^a

Soap content (ppm)

55^d

50^d

43^c

6^b

0^a

0^a

Wax (ppm)

140^e

86^d

42^c

30^b

26^a

26^a

Unsap (%)

0.68^a

0.68^a

0.66^b

0.64^b

0.45^c

0.40^d

K232 (nm.)

2.313^c

2.301^c

2.297^c

2.049^b

1.661^a

1.652^a

K270 (nm.)

0.299^d

0.280^c

0.262^c

0.244^ab

0.237^a

0.238^a

Totalpolyphenols (ppm)

6.34^a

4.81^b

2.96^c

2.44^c

1.85^d

1.64^d