| gold | 95% CI | p | |
| High blood pressure | 0.04 | ||
| Yes | 7.56 | 1.15 - 49.6 | |
| No | 1 | ||
| Low protein intake | 0.01 | ||
| Yes | 1 | ||
| No | 0.26 | 0.07 - 0.98 | |
| anemia | 0.02 | ||
| Yes | 1 | 0.03 - 0.70 | |
| No | 0.14 | ||
| Glomerular filtration rate | 0.03 | ||
| low | 1 | 0.11 - 0.70 | |
| normal | 0.27 |