Variables | T2DM (n = 480) | Male (n = 205) | Female (n = 275) | P Value | |
No. (100%) | No. (42.7%) | No. (57.3%) | |||
I couldn’t seem to experience any positive feeling at all | (0) | 238 (49.6) | 105 (44.1) | 133 (55.9) | 0.879 |
(1) | 182 (37.9) | 74.0 (40.7) | 108 (59.3) | ||
(2) | 47.0 (9.8) | 21.0 (44.7) | 26.0 (55.3) | ||
(3) | 13.0 (2.7) | 5.0 (38.5) | 8.0 (6105) | ||
I found it difficult to work up the initiative to do things | (0) | 236 (49.2) | 103 (43.6) | 133 (56.4) |
0.460 |
(1) | 192 (40.0) | 76.0 (39.6) | 116 (60.4) | ||
(2) | 44.0 (9.2) | 23.0 (52.3) | 21.0 (47.7) | ||
(3) | 8.0 (1.7) | 3.0 (37.5) | 5.0 (62.5) | ||
I felt that I had nothing to look forward to | (0) | 270 (56.3) | 118 (43.7) | 152 (56.3) | 0.353 |
(1) | 160 (33.3) | 62.0 (38.8) | 98.0 (61.2) | ||
(2) | 49.0 (10.2) | 25.0 (51.0) | 24.0 (49.0) | ||
(3) | 1.0 (0.2) | 0.0 (0.0) | 1.0 (100) | ||
I felt down-hearted and blue | (0) | 319 (66.5) | 136 (42.6) | 183 (57.4) | 0.513 |
(1) | 114 (23.8) | 47.0 (41.2) | 67.0 (58.8) | ||
(2) | 45.0 (9.4) | 22.0 (48.9) | 23.0 (51.1) | ||
(3) | 2.0 (0.4) | 0.0 (0.0) | 2.0 (100) | ||
I was unable to become enthusiastic about anything | (0) | 345 (71.9) | 143 (41.4) | 202 (58.6) | 0.560 |
(1) | 90.0 (18.8) | 40.0 (44.4) | 50.0 (55.6) | ||
(2) | 41.0 (8.5) | 21.0 (51.2) | 20.0 (48.8) | ||
(3) | 4.0 (0.8) | 1.0 (25.0) | 3.0 (75.0) | ||
I felt I wasn’t worth much as a person | (0) | 352 (73.3) | 153 (43.5) | 199 (56.5) | 0.770 |
(1) | 93.0 (19.4) | 39.0 (41.9) | 54.0 (58.1) | ||
(2) | 34.0 (7.1) | 13.0 (38.2) | 21.0 (61.8) | ||
(3) | 1.0 (0.2) | 0.0 (0.0) | 1.0 (100) | ||
I felt that life was meaningless | (0) | 391 (81.5) | 168 (43.0) | 223 (57.0) | 0.910 |
(1) | 76.0 (15.8) | 31.0 (40.8) | 45.0 (59.2) | ||
(2) | 13.0 (2.7) | 6.0 (46.2) | 7.0 (53.8) | ||
(3) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | ||
Depression scale (7-items) multiplied by two | |||||
Total scores for depression scale | Mean ± SD | 6.41 ± 7.85 | 6.41 ± 7.89 | 6.41 ± 7.83 | 0.584 |
Healthy | DS < 10 | 341 (71.0) | 147 (43.1) | 194 (56.9) | 0.431 |
Depressed | DS ≥ 10 | 139 (29.0) | 58.0 (41.7) | 81.0 (58.3) | |
Mild depression | DS 10 - 13 | 56.0 (11.7) | 20.0 (35.7) | 36.0 (64.3) | 0.163 |
Moderate depression | DS 14 - 20 | 41.0 (8.5) | 17.0 (41.5) | 24.0 (58.5) | 0.501 |
Severe depression | DS 21 - 27 | 32.0 (6.7) | 19.0 (59.4) | 13.0 (40.6) | 0.038 |
Very severe depression | DS 28+ | 10.0 (2.1) | 2.0 (20.0) | 8.0 (80.0) | 0.125 |