Glade type and plant parameters

Distances (m)

ANOV A =

2.5

12.5

22.5

Man-made

F(2, 12)

Total abundance

249.8 ± 129.1

223.8 ± 153.1

113.8 ± 128.9

1.40

% Basal cover

98.0 ± 1.9

78.2 ± 3.8

59.6 ± 54.4

1.13

Species richness

12.4 ± 3.2

9.4 ± 5.8

6.4 ± 6.1

1.67

Species diversity

0.7 ± 0.2

0.6 ± 0.3

0.5 ± 0.4

0.73^a

Upper natural

F(2, 12)

Total abundance

357.2 ± 127.8

372.8 ± 139.3

72.2 ± 61.4

6.95^b

% Basal cover

99 ± 0.7

98 ± 1.4

19 ± 2.5

17.49^c

Species richness

9 ± 3.3

11 ± 4.9

1.6 ± 3.6

7.95^c

Species diversity

0.6 ± 0.2

0.5 ± 0.2

0.1 ± 0.3

5.91^c

Lower natural

F(2, 42)

Total abundance

386.2 ± 195.4

288.1 ± 230.4

67.3 ± 102.9

11.79^c

% Basal cover

94.9 ± 11.5

82.2 ± 34.4

32.1 ± 47.2

13.98^c

Species richness

11.3 ± 2.3

8.3 ± 5.0

2.6 ± 3.9

19.07^c

Species diversity

0.7 ± 0.2

0.6 ± 0.3

0.2 ± 0.5

10.36^c