| Invasive plant | Microbe association | Possible Mechanism | Native Region | Non-Native region | Reference | |||
| Acacia dealbata (silver wattle) | Unknown | allelochemical production—soil bacteria community more affected | Australia | Portugal | [20] | |||
| Ageratina adenophora (crofton weed) | Clostridium + Enterobacter spp., B. cereus | Enhanced mutualism, increased Nitrogen metabolism, increased litter decomposition? | Mexico | China | [21] [22] [23] | |||
| Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) | Unknown | allelopathy, higher pH, higher N rates— affects resource availability, microbial community shift, plant fungal mutualism disruption (novel weapons) | Europe | North America | [9] [10] [24] [25] | |||
| Amaranthus retroflexus (red-root amaranth) | N-fixing bacteria | increases richness of N fixing bacteria to further success | South America | China | [26] | |||
| Amaranthus spinosus (spiny amaranth) | N-fixing bacteria | changes soil nitrogen fixing bacteria community structure | South America | China | [27] | |||
| Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (annual ragweed) | sulfate reducing bacteria, Actinomycetes | Disruption of abiotic and biotic soil community, | Central America | China | [28] | |||
| Berberis thunbergii DC. (japanese barberry) | Alphaproteobacteria Nitrospirales & Pseudomonadaceae | increase in N cycling | Japan | USA | [29] | |||
| Brassica nigra (black mustard) | Unknown | disrupts soil fungal mutualisms | North Africa | USA | [30] | |||
| Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass) | Bacteriodetes | disruption of soil microbial community | Europe | USA | [3] [31] | |||
| Carpobrotus edulis (sour fig) | Verrucomicrobia, Acidobacteria, Sphingomonadaceae | soil physiochemical and microbial community flux | South Africa | Spain | [32] | |||
| Casuarina equisitifolia (Australian pine) | Frankia spp. | soil nutrient flux, leaves have allelopathic properties | Australia | USA | [33] | |||
| Centaurea solstitialis (yellow starthistle) | Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, sulfate reducing bacteria | reduction in pathogen accumulation/diversity | Mediterranean basin | USA | [11] [34] | |||
| Chromolaena odorata (L.) (Siam weed) | Fusarium semitectum | decrease in microbial biomass in invaded soil, increase in organic C, N and P, soil pathogen accumulation | North & South America | West Africa | [6] [35] | |||
| Conyza canadensis (horseweed) | Actinobacteria, Sphingomonadaceae Glomeromycota, | self-promoting soil nutrient flux, microbial community structure shift—decreased fungal diversity | North & South America | China | [36] | |||
| Falcataria moluccana (Moluccan albizia) | Unknown | shift in microbial and biogeochemical community structure—decreased P, increased C and N | South Asia | USA | [37] | |||
| Flaveria bidentis (coastal plain yellowtop) | Rhizophagus intraradices | Enhanced competition/mutualism through AMF colonization | South America | China | [38] | |||
| Heracleum mantegazzianum (giant hogweed) | Unknown | Changes in soil chemical and biological characteristics | Central Asia | Czech Republic | [39] | |||
| Impatiens glandulifera (Himalayan balsam) | Unknown | allelochemical production (naphthoquinone)—disrupts ECM & AMF interactions with native plants, disrupts hyphal associations—increase in saprophytic fungi | Himalayas | Switzerland | [40] [41] | |||
| Kalanchoe daigremontiana (alligator plant) | Unknown | increases C and N mineralization | Madagascar | Venezuela | [42] | |||
| Lantana camara (West Indian lantana) | Unknown | increased nutrient cycling—C, N & P | North & South America | India | [43] | |||
| Melinis minutiflora (molasses grass) | Nitrifying bacteria | increase in N cycling | Africa | Brazil | [44] | |||
| Mikania micrantha (bitter vine) | P solubilizing bacteria—Burkholderia spp. | increased P in plant—enhanced mutualism, increased C accumulation and release to soil microbes | Central & South America | China | [45] [46] | |||
| Phragmites australis (common reed) | Unknown | increased nutrient availability in rhizosphere—positive plant feedback | Eastern Australia | Australia | [12] | |||
| Polygonum cuspidatum (Japanese knotweed) | Unknown | increased SOC, N deposition enhanced SOC accumulation | East Asia | USA | [47] | |||
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (douglas fir) | AMF Association | Enhanced mutualism effect, alters mycorrhizal community structure | North America | Argentina | [48] [49] | |||
| Quercus rubra (native red oak) | Unknown | allelochemical production (phenols) elicits microbial community structure shift, shift in soil physiochemical properties | North America | Poland | [13] [50] | |||
| Reynoutria japonica (Japanese knotweed) | Unknown | reduces AMF species richness and abundance | East Asia | Poland | [51] | |||
| Robinia pseudoacacia (black locust) | Unknown | shift in microbial community structure—increased nitrification and acidification, reduced biodiversity | USA | Italy | [52] | |||
| Rosa rugosa (beach rose) | AMF association | soil nutrient flux, >total N, C & P, decrease in Microbial biomass, high phenolic content (allelochemical) | Asia | Poland | [53] | |||
| Schinus terebinthifolius (brazilian pepper tree) | Glomus spp., Verrucomicrobia, Acidobacteria | shift in soil microbial community— decreased prevalence of soil fungal pathogens, allelopathy, competition | South America | USA | [16] [54] [55] [56] | |||
| Solidago canadensis (Canada goldenrod) | Nitrogen fixing bacteria, Glomus geosporum | increase soil N availability (enhanced mutualism hypothesis), reduction of G. mosseae prevalence required by natives | North America | China | [15] [57] [58] | |||
| Solidago gigantea (giant goldenrod) | Phosphate solubilizing bacteria | increased phosphorus mineralization | North America | China | [14] | |||
| Sorghum halepense (johnson grass) | Nitrogen fixing bacteria, Pseudomonas sp., Caulobacter sp., Sphingobium sp., Agrobacterium tumefaciens | alteration of biogeochemical cycles—N, C, P, Fe, IAA production | Asia/Northern Africa | USA | [17] | |||
| Spartina alterniflora (smooth cordgrass) | Unknown | microbial metabolism flux driven by pH and salinity, AMF colonization disruption | North America | China | [59] [60] | |||
| Thymus vulgaris L. (common thyme) | Unknown | shifts in soil physiochemical properties—decreased soil P, moisture | Southern Europe | New Zealand | [61] | |||
| Wedelia trilobata (trailing daisy) | Unknown | shift in soil biogeochemical properties, nitrogen cycling—pH, Ca, increase richness of fungal community | Central America | China | [62] | |||