Criterion | Homogeneous | Bubbling | Reference |
For estimation of fluidization state | |||
| Frmf < 0.13 | Frmf > 1.3 | Wilhelm and Kwauk [2] |
| R < 100 | R > 100 | Romero and Johanson [3] |
| Ntr < C1 depending on ε and εmf | Ntr > C1 | Verloop and Heertjes [4] |
ρa: average density of particulate phase | Nf < C2 m and C2 depend on range of operation | Nf > C2 | Doichev et al. [5] |
| Ue < Ue | Ue > Ue | Foscolo and Gibilaro [6] |
| Dn < 104 | Dn > 106 | Liu et al. [7] |
|
|
| Kogane et al. [11] |
For estimation of minimum bubbling fluidization velocity | |||
| u0 < umb | u0 > umb | Geldart [1] |
F45: mass fraction of particles having a diameter less than 45 μm | u0 < umb | u0 > umb | Abrahamsen and Geldart [8] |
| Re < Remb | Re > Remb | Kuwagi et al. [9] |
| Re < Remb | Re > Remb | Kogane et al. [11] |