| Model | Description |
| Laminar | Laminar equations only, no turbulence model Less time per iteration due to fewer equations |
| SST | Modified k-ω URANS, no subgrid-scale modeling |
| SAS | Hybrid but no subgrid-scale model Dynamically resolves structures based on von Kármán length scale Most stable scale-resolving model, but can remain in URANS for mildly separated boundary layers and undisturbed channels with lower instability |
| SDES | Hybrid with subgrid-scale model Shielding (blending) between zones Grid-induced separation mitigated, but possible Asymptotic shielding, preserves νt. Requires strong instability to activate LES Superseded by SBES |
| SBES | Hybrid with subgrid-scale model Improved shielding (blending) between zones includes shear stress term Faster transition to LES in separating shear layers Relatively new, limited published research |
| Zonal LES | Hybrid with subgrid-scale model in explicitly defined zone Transition from modeled to resolved turbulence RANS and LES zones must be defined by user Synthetic turbulence model required at RANS-LES interface |