DSM-5 Criteria for Bipolar I Disorder Manic Episode | Adapted Guidelines for Single-Tweet Analysis: Euphoria Group |
Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity | Tweet expresses inflated self-esteem or grandiosity. |
Decreased need for sleep (e.g., feels rested after only 3 hours of sleep) | Cannot interpret in a tweet. |
More talkative than usual or pressure to keep talking | Cannot interpret in a tweet. |
Flight of ideas or subjective experience that thoughts are racing | Cannot interpret in a tweet. |
Distractibility (i.e., attention too easily drawn to unimportant or irrelevant external stimuli), as reported or observed. | Tweet lacks a central focus or describes several unrelated topics. |
Increase in goal-directed activity (either socially, at work or school, or sexually) or psychomotor agitation | Tweet expresses indication of goal-directed activity. |
Excessive involvement in activities that have a high potential for painful consequences (e.g., engaging in unrestrained buying sprees, sexual indiscretions, or foolish business investments). | Cannot interpret in a tweet. |
During the period of mood disturbance and increased energy or activity, three (or more) of the following symptoms have persisted (four if the mood is only irritable) are present to a significant degree and represent a noticeable change from usual behavior: | |
A distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently goal-directed behavior or energy, lasting at least 1 week and present most of the day, nearly every day (or any duration if hospitalization is necessary). | Tweet expresses abnormally elevated mood or indication of goal-directed activity. |
The mood disturbance is sufficiently severe to cause impairment in social or occupational functioning or to necessitate hospitalization to prevent harm to self/others, or there are psychotic features. | Cannot interpret in a tweet. |
The episode is not attributable to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse, a medication, or other treatment) or another medical condition. | Cannot interpret in a tweet. |