Pre-op Pain Score

1 Year Post-op Pain Score

Paired t-Test (p)

Overall (n = 87/86)

7.8 ± 1.7

5.5 ± 2.4

0.0001

Age > 59 (n = 32/31)

8.2 ± 1.6

4.6 ± 2.5

0.001

Age ≤ 59 (n = 55/55)

7.7 ± 1.7

6.0 ± 2.2

0.001

Previous Surgery (n = 32/31)

8.4 ± 1.4

5.6 ± 2.4

0.001

No Previous Surgery (n = 55/55)

7.5 ± 1.8

5.4 ± 2.6

0.003

Tobacco Use (n = 29/28)

7.9 ± 1.7

6.1 ± 2.3

0.002

No Tobacco Use (n = 58/58)

7.8 ± 1.7

5.2 ± 2.6

0.001

BMI >30 (n = 41/40)

7.5 ± 1.6

5.2 ± 2.5

0.0002

BMI ≤ 30 (n = 46/46)

8.1 ± 1.7

5.8 ± 2.5

0.01

L5-S1 Included in Construct (n = 45/45)

7.6 ± 1.7

6.0 ± 2.2

0.01

L5-S1 not Included in Construct (n = 42/41)

8.1 ± 1.7

5.0 ± 2.5

0.001

Posterior Approach (n = 65/64)

8.0 ± 1.7

5.2 ± 2.4

0.001

Anterior Approach (n = 22/22)

7.5 ± 1.7

6.3 ± 2.4

0.01

Pseudarthrosis Repair (n = 9/8)

7.8 ± 1.5

5.5 ± 1.8

0.01