| Patents Characters | |
| Age; Sex | Range (33 − 45); Mean 33 + 2.1 M/F ratio; 1/4 (5 − 20) |
| Pendulous abdomen with ventral hernia | n = 15 |
| Without ventral hernia | n = 10 |
| Hernia defects | Range (3 to 10) cm2 |
| Associated risk factors | Diabetes n = 7 Smoking n = 2 chest asthma n = 4 |