Author, Year

Country(ies)

Method

Objective

Theory for analysis

Neo-fascist aspects/agents

Means & Ida, 2022

USA

Critical essay

Developing a political ontology of education as representations of how modes of education circulate to stabilize and contain the crises of Empire.

Hardt and Negri (Foucault e Spinoza)

Education as an institution requested by neo-fascism

Noonan, 2020

China

Critical essay

Examine the real drivers of the liberal capitalist system and confront the ideological illusions of liberal cosmopolitanism with these realities.

Unspecified

Trump

Opratko et al., 2020

Austria, Croatia, Germany, Serbia and Sweden

Critical essay

Analyze the covid-19 crisis as it relates to “contemporary cultures of rejection”.

Cultural Studies (Balibar)

“State of emergency” (authoritarian neo-liberalism).

Pertwee, 2020

United Kingdom

Qualitative (Content Analysis)

Analyze “counter-jihad”, a transnational field of anti-Muslim political action that emerged in the mid-2000s.

Unspecified

Public Figure: Bernard Lewis and Samuel Huntington (Counter-jihad); Writer: Gisèle Littman (Bat Ye’Or). Case: Stephen Yaxley-Lennon (pseudonym “Tommy Robsinon”, a former leader of the English Anti- Muslim Defense League – EDL).

Robinson, 2019

USA

Critical essay

Reflect on Samir Amin’s call for a new International.

Marxist

Mobilization of dissatisfied populations.

Álvarez & Chase-Dunn, 2019

USA

Critical essay

Rethink the question of global political organization, proposing the construction of a diagonal political organization for the Global Left.

World-system

Rise of right-wing and neo-fascist populist movements and parties and the possible arrival of another period of deglobalization.

Moghadam, 2019

USA

Critical essay

Address its call for a shift from movement to organization towards a kind of Fifth International.

“Progressist”

Right-wing populists (risk of reactionary and exclusionary localism). Public Figure: Steve Bannon. Political Parties: Islamic parties belong directly to the right.

Martins, 2019

Brazil

Critical essay

Point out strategic dimensions of Samir Amin’s thought.

World-system

Neofascists use state power to destroy the competitive pressures of the advent of new poles of economic power; Neo-Fascism prioritizes cultural struggles while neglecting economic battles.

Askanius & Mylonas, 2015

Denmark and Sweden

Qualitative (theoretical framework of discourse)

Examine the far-right online media as a venue for discursive struggle over definitions of the causes, consequences and remedies of the European economic crisis

Post-structuralist discourse theory (Laclau and Mouffe)

Sweden: Activism: Nordfront (“free voice from the North”); Nordisk Ungdom (Nordic Youth). Political Party: Realisten (Svenskarnas Parti - Party of the Swedes). Site: Richard Langrén (Nationell.nu). Denmark: Political Party: Danmarks Nationalsocialistisk Bevægelse (National Socialist Movement of Denmark), the main neo-nazi party in the country; Danskernes Parti (far-right party on the rise). Site: Stop Islamiseringen af Danmark; Modstand.nu (Vederfølner).

Activism: Danmarks Nationale Front. Personal blogs: Uriaposten and Snaphanen.

Testa & Armstrong, 2008

Italia

Qualitative (Ethnographic method)

Analyze the neo-fascist principles manifested by the “ultras” fan groups as a consequence of and resistance against the dominant sociocultural and political values of Italy

New Consensus Theory of Fascism;

Proposed “Third Way” Nationalism (Mussolini, 1930).

“Ultras” (neo-fascist soccer organizations - right-wing hooliganism).