78

Le, V., de Haan, J. and Dietzenbacher, E. 2013.” Do higher

government wages reduce corruption? Evidence based on a novel dataset.” CESIFO Working Paper No. 4254.

http://www.cesifogroup.de/portal/page/portal/DocBase_Content/WP/WPCESifo_Working_Papers/wp-cesifo-2013/wp-cesifo-2013-05/cesifo1_wp4254.pdf

Theimpact of government wages on

corruption is

strong at relatively low-income levels.

79

Mahmood, M. 2005. “Corruption in civil administration:

Causes and cures.” Humanomics no 21 (3/4): 62-84.

Proffers that a proper balancing of the pay structure, power, and accountability mechanism might combat corruption in the public sector.

80

Mtonya, B. Chizimbi, S. 2006. “Systemwide effects of the

Global Fund in Malawi: Final report.” Bethesda, MD: The

Partners for Health Reform plus Project, Abt Associates Inc.

Corruption in the public service erodes resources for service improvement and development.

81

Søreide, T., Tostensen, A., & Skage, I. A. (2012). Hunting for per diem: the uses and abuses of travel compensation in three developing countries. Norwegian agency for development cooperation (Norad).

Misuse or non-optimal use of money is a usual occurrence by public officials in developing countries.

82

Van Rijckeghem, C., Weder, B. (2001). “Bureaucratic corruption and the rate of temptation: do wages in the civilservice affect corruption, and by how much?” Journal of

Development Economics 65, 307-331.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VBV-4384R2T-5/2/7cf1f9a26d8c910dda8478d078c39c83

A rather large increase in wages is required to eradicate corruption solely by raising wages in low income countries. However, in order to achieve that large of an increment, the increase has to be so huge that it is not sustainable in actual or absolute terms.

83

Abbink, Klaus (2000). Fair Salaries and the Moral Costs of Corruption,

Bonn Econ Discussion Papers, No. 1/2000

Increases in salaries do not reduce corruption in the public sector.

84

Lindner, S. (2013). Salary top-ups and their impact on corruption. Bergen, Norway: U4 Anti-corruption Resource Centre.

Increasing salaries in the public sector is not sufficient for reducing corruption.

85

Abbink, K., Irlenbusch, B., & Renner, E. (2002). An experimental bribery game. Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, 18(2), 428-454.

Experimental table top game to assess the effect increased remuneration. Corruption is not reduced in the face of increasing salaries among public sector workers.

86

Foltz, J. D., & Opoku-Agyemang, K. A. (2015). Do higher salaries lower petty corruption? A policy experiment on west africa’s highways1.

Higher salaries does not stop petty corruption among the Police in Ghana who are engaged in traffic control.

87

Jacobsen, E., & Sadrieh, A. (1996). Experimental proof for the motivational importance of reciprocity (No. 386). University of Bonn, Ger#many.

Society’s “accommodation” or “tolerance” for corruption is the motivation behind its sustenance.