45 | Killick, T. (2000). “Fragile Still? The Economy of Ghana, 1960-94” in Economic Reforms in Ghana, Miracle or Mirage. (eds). Aryeetey, E., J. Harrigan and M. Nissanke, Oxford, James Currey and Accra, Woeli Publishers. | 1 | 1 | 1/2 | 1/2 | 3 | Rent seeking in the public sector in Ghana contributes to economic malaise. |
46 | Killick, T. (2010). Development economics in action: a study of economic policies in Ghana (2. ed). London: Routledge. | 1 | 1/2 | 1/2 | 1/2 | 2 1/2 | Perverse economic policies, political instability and fiscal indiscipline in the public sector deepened Ghana’s economic woes. |
47 | Mansfield, C. (1980). “Tax Base Erosion and Inflation: The Case of Ghana”, in Finance and Development, September 1980, page 34. | 1 | 1/2 | 1/2 | 1/2 | 2 1/2 | Economic mismanagement in public sector leads to deteriorating living conditions. |
48 | Lorenz EN. 1972. Predictability: Does the flap of a butterfly’s wings in Brazil set off a tornado in Texas. American Association for the Advancement of Science. http://www.chaostheory. | 1/2 | 1 | 1/2 | 1/2 | 2 1/2 | In a globalized world corruption by the middle class in SSA sets off a vicious cycle of deteriorating economic fortunes, inequality, poverty and instability. |
49 | Ncube et al. (2011) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | Human capital development in SSA would lead to the growth and rise of the middle class amidst economic prosperity. |
50 | Norman and Aviisah (2015) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | The root cause of corruption in the SSA could be traced to economic shocks and stresses exacerbated by political instabilities over time. |
51 | Gockel, A. F. (1995). The role of finance in economic development: the case of Ghana. An unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Manchester, U.K. | 1/2 | 1 | 1/2 | 1/2 | 2 1/2 | Economic growth is essential for development and growth of the middle class. |
52 | Frimpong-Ansah (1991) | 1/2 | 1 | 1/2 | 1/2 | 2 1/2 | Political economy factors affect economic growth. |
53 | Ugaz, 2015 Corruption in Africa: 75 million people pay bribes. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | Corruption affects the quality of life of the ordinary citizens in SSA: imposes extreme economic burden. |
54 | Ghana Public Accounts Committee report, 2014. | 1 | 1/2 | 1 | 1 | 3 1/2 | Corruption is a disincentive to Ghana’s development. |
55 | Ghana Controller’s and Accountant General Report, 2013 | 1 | 1/2 | 1 | 1 | 3 1/2 | Corruption is a burgeoning phenomenon in Ghana’s public sector. |
56 | Sivalingam, N. (2011). Medical paternalism and patient autonomy; the dualism doctors contend with. Medical Journal of Malaysia, 66(5), 421-422. | 1 | 1/2 | 1 | 1/2 | 3 | The ethical principle of individual autonomy is sidestepped by family autonomy in some societies in SSA. |
57 | Brothers, 1993 | 1 | 1/2 | 1/2 | 1/2 | 2 1/2 | Exposure to religious teaching and ethics reduces desire to engage in undesirable behavior such as corruption. |